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2014-9-19 · The present designs of pilot-operated servovalves are either of a flapper-nozzle type or of a jet-pipe type, and the design aspects and various configurations of servovalves, particularly flapper-nozzle types, are available in many textbooks (Merrit 1967, Watton 1989, McCloy and Martin 1980). However, studies investigating deflector-jet type ...
Get Price2021-5-1 · 1. Introduction. Jets from round nozzles are widely used in a variety of engineering processes ranging from compact mixing devices to burners and cutters , , .Over the last decades, substantial investigations have explored the flow on a variety of jet geometries, including those from long pipes , , , contoured or smooth contractions , , and sharp-edged orifices .
Get Price2020-10-10 · Zeitoun et al. examined the effect of different Reynolds numbers, particle concentrations, nozzle diameters and circular plate diameters on the heat transfer performance of an Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid jet impinging on a circular surface. They found that at the same Reynolds number, increasing the volume fraction resulted in the heat transfer ...
Get Price2019-5-3 · Water-jet guided laser cutting technology is a relatively new technology, which utilizes a water jet and laser beam (pulsed Nd: YAG laser) to cut. The technology is able to cut with high precision without blurs. It also produces less heat and pollution at the cutting …
Get Price2004-1-21 · Miniature electromagnetic flap actuators are developed and mounted on the periphery of the nozzle exit of an axisymmetric jet to induce various flow modes and enhance mixing processes. It is demonstrated that the flap actuators can significantly modify the large-scale vortical structures. In particular, when the flaps are driven in anti-phase on either side of the jet, alternately inclined and ...
Get Price2018-8-11 · 1 Estimating column diameters in jet grouting processes Kimpritis, T.1, Standing, J.R.2 and Thurner, R.3 1 Keller Hellas S.A., formerly Imperial College London 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London 3 Keller Grundbau GmbH, Technical and Commercial Director Middle East and Turkey Abstract Jet grouting is widely used in geotechnical engineering for a variety ...
Get Price2019-12-12 · Multiphase jet machining (MJM) is a recently developed surface texturing method based on which a mixture of abrasives and water is accelerated by compressed air to remove material from substrates. Considering the high divergence of the jet, masks are needed for MJM to obtain the desired features and dimensions. To investigate the pattern transfer accuracy, masks were prepared from a 304 ...
Get PriceM. Miccio, F. Miccio, in Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification, 2013 Nozzle position and number. The location of fuel nozzles is a matter of optimization between the need to avoid agglomeration (shallow nozzle) and that of increasing the residence time of liquid fuel and its vapor (deep nozzle). In both early and recent research work, it was determined ...
Get PricePDF | The idea of replacing vapor jet refrigeration system instead of conventional vehicle cooling system is the main goal of a comprehensive study.... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
Get PricePEO coating increased the tribological and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. The effect of frequency on the properties of PEO coatings was studied. AFM observation showed that the micropores number increased with the increasing frequency. XRD results showed that the content of α-Al 2 O 3 ranged with the frequency increase.
Get Price2020-10-10 · Zeitoun et al. examined the effect of different Reynolds numbers, particle concentrations, nozzle diameters and circular plate diameters on the heat transfer performance of an Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid jet impinging on a circular surface. They found that at the same Reynolds number, increasing the volume fraction resulted in the heat transfer ...
Get PriceThese properties are determined by the orientation of the jet, its speed, its initial flow conditions, the size and geometry of the nozzle, and the oncoming flow. The jet vortex generator flow is the focus of a number of studies[2–5], using either a single jet or an array of jets. Although the …
Get Price2017-10-6 · The subsonic open-jet wind tunnel was used to create a crossflow up to 70 m/s, powered by a 5.5kW centrifugal blower. The nozzle of the tunnel, as illustrated in Fig. 1(a), was connected to a cubic plenum upstream, with a size of 800mm × 800mm × 800mm. The plenum can uncouple flow from the blower, pressurise the air, and suppress the ...
Get Price2014-3-19 · The low-frequency effects of the jet wandering in the molten steel pool. 26,27. scale with the Strouhal number . fh. SEN V. C. 26. This jet wandering can produce transient surface velocities near 1 m second. 26. Single-roll flow patterns are more susceptible to defects via this mechanism, and combinations of flow-control variables that ...
Get PriceThe nozzles of moist-mix shotcrete are the key parts of forming a steady jet flow field and ensuring the uniform mixing of water and other ingredients. In this paper, for optimizing the nozzle of moist-mix shotcrete, both the internal and external field of a variety of spray nozzles …
Get PricePEO coating increased the tribological and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. The effect of frequency on the properties of PEO coatings was studied. AFM observation showed that the micropores number increased with the increasing frequency. XRD results showed that the content of α-Al 2 O 3 ranged with the frequency increase.
Get PriceEnergy is an international, multi-disciplinary journal in energy engineering and research. The journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information for analyses, reviews and evaluations related to energy. The journal covers research in mechanical …. Read more.
Get PriceThe air flow-rates are regulated using sonic nozzles with accuracy of ±1.0% for the jet and the pilot nozzles and of ±10% for the shroud burner. The fuel flow-rates are controlled with high
Get PriceThe mechanical properties of soilcrete or sandcrete played a crucial role in the stability of a jet-grouted tunnel, which has been studied by scholars [21–24]. Inspired by this, the coalcrete generated by JG technique for improving underground soft coal mass was reported recently [ 25 ].
Get PricePDF | The idea of replacing vapor jet refrigeration system instead of conventional vehicle cooling system is the main goal of a comprehensive study.... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
Get Price2019-6-20 · Effects of Extended Jet Holes to Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of the Jet Impingement Cooling ... Turkey; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, ... A Study on the Heat and Mass Transfer Properties of Multiple Pulsating Impinging Jets,”
Get Price2015-10-26 · in order to evaluate the effect of pulse duration. Masuda et al. (1994) observed that the duration of the jet, as well as the num-ber of jet pulses used are both known to affect removal rates. All of our experiments, however, used a single jet burst; we did not observe a strong effect due to varying the jet duration from 25 to 100 ms (Figure 2).
Get Price2018-11-13 · In this study, we consider the oscillatory behavior of mutually impinging jets in an enclosed, dome-shaped mixing chamber. The frequency of the impinging jet oscillations is dictated by the flow rate, with the oscillatory behavior being grouped into …
Get Price2018-6-26 · to work and the nozzle. Therefore, catastrophic damage of the nozzle and cathode occurs. During the double arching, there are specific conditions to be hold. Nemchinsky et al. (2006) show the conditions as follows: 1. The arc current is too high, and/or 2. The nozzle orifice is too narrow, and/or 3. The nozzle orifice is too long, and/or 4.
Get Price2019-11-7 · The effect of water and copper targets on the plasma jet electric field was similarly reported by Hofmans and Sobota (2019), where the authors reported a higher electric field in the presence of a copper target relative to the water target . The authors concluded that a higher target electrical conductivity yielded a higher plasma jet electric ...
Get PricePDF | The idea of replacing vapor jet refrigeration system instead of conventional vehicle cooling system is the main goal of a comprehensive study.... | Find, read and cite all the research you ...
Get Price2017-4-19 · A stable dispersion of 2D graphene was formed through optimization detailed in earlier work, where we engineered the dispersion viscosity with the addition of surfactant EC in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare optimal dispersions [24, 25].In figure 1, the effect of nozzle number on the printing resolution is provided, where an array of lines with 15 passes was printed on SiO 2 /Si ...
Get PriceA dedicated nozzle is designed to inject secondary gases into the main plasma jet. This study details the adaptation of a characterisation process for CE–MIP technology. Microwave spectrum analysis is used to create a polar plot of the microwave energy being emitted from the coaxial electrode, where the microwave energy couples with the gas to generate the plasma jet.
Get PriceThis EHD effect that prevents Plateau–Rayleigh instabilities allows the nozzle flow rate to be substantially reduced for MEW. [5, 13] Additionally, the comparable high viscosity and low conductivity of melt fluids support the control and stability of the jet.[5, 13-15] This in combination with the controllable collector plate, allows the defined deposition of the jet, which starts to ...
Get PriceMeechaisue and coworkers [] examined the effect of different concentrations of poly(DTE carbonate) on electrospun nanofiber formation.At a concentration of 5% W/V (2.5 cp), mainly droplets were formed since the viscoelastic forces at this concentration were not sufficient to overcome the repulsive forces of charge, resulting in the fiber jet fragmenting into droplets.
Get Price2019-6-20 · Effects of Extended Jet Holes to Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of the Jet Impingement Cooling ... Turkey; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, ... A Study on the Heat and Mass Transfer Properties of Multiple Pulsating Impinging Jets,”
Get Price2018-11-13 · Also the studies of impingement of a jet on a solid surface in a confined channel report oscillations where the deflected and bifurcated jet creates perturbations on the nozzle of the jet. 17 17. J. R. Cho, “ Numerical observations of a bifurcating plane impinging jet in a confined channel,” J. Visualization 9, 361– 362 (2006).
Get Price2015-10-26 · in order to evaluate the effect of pulse duration. Masuda et al. (1994) observed that the duration of the jet, as well as the num-ber of jet pulses used are both known to affect removal rates. All of our experiments, however, used a single jet burst; we did not observe a strong effect due to varying the jet duration from 25 to 100 ms (Figure 2).
Get Price2019-9-1 · In this study, the developing region of coaxial jets is investigated numerically by varying the swirl for a fixed velocity ratio. Obtained results show that the mean flow properties and fluctuating concentration of the jet fluids except for the swirl velocity …
Get PriceGiuseppe et al. studied the effect of single and double liquid jet grouting on the mechanical properties of sand and cohesive soil through two field tests. Zhang et al. [ 18 ], through field measurement and numerical simulation, analyzed the influence of grouting treatment on reducing tunnel deformation, to solve the problem of large ...
Get Price2018-3-20 · mechanical wear [28]. Some studies have also assessed the effect of simulated biological environments on the tribocorrosion process of CoCrMo alloys [29±31]. These studies observed that the proteins present in the simulated biological fluid generates a protective layer on the surface of the CoCrMo alloys and causes a boundary lubrication effect.
Get Price2020-8-14 · The jet nozzle comprised a polyvinyl chloride pipe with a diameter of 50 mm and length of 400 mm. The height of the jet nozzle to the bed was fixed at 200 mm to eliminate the effect of the target distance on the jet flow velocity (Beltaos, 1976). The jet nozzle was swung within an amplitude range of α = ±5° , ±10°, and ±15° and centered ...
Get PriceThis EHD effect that prevents Plateau–Rayleigh instabilities allows the nozzle flow rate to be substantially reduced for MEW. [5, 13] Additionally, the comparable high viscosity and low conductivity of melt fluids support the control and stability of the jet.[5, 13-15] This in combination with the controllable collector plate, allows the defined deposition of the jet, which starts to ...
Get PriceA dedicated nozzle is designed to inject secondary gases into the main plasma jet. This study details the adaptation of a characterisation process for CE–MIP technology. Microwave spectrum analysis is used to create a polar plot of the microwave energy being emitted from the coaxial electrode, where the microwave energy couples with the gas to generate the plasma jet.
Get PriceEffect of lignin on the morphology and rheological properties of nanofibrillated cellulose produced from γ-valerolactone/water fractionation process Article Full-text available
Get Price2018-11-13 · Also the studies of impingement of a jet on a solid surface in a confined channel report oscillations where the deflected and bifurcated jet creates perturbations on the nozzle of the jet. 17 17. J. R. Cho, “ Numerical observations of a bifurcating plane impinging jet …
Get PriceThis EHD effect that prevents Plateau–Rayleigh instabilities allows the nozzle flow rate to be substantially reduced for MEW. [5, 13] Additionally, the comparable high viscosity and low conductivity of melt fluids support the control and stability of the jet.[5, 13-15] This in combination with the controllable collector plate, allows the defined deposition of the jet, which starts to ...
Get Price2007-9-2 · When viscous effects are accounted for 19,28,35,36,37, this link can be extended to extremely slender inner jet diameters, that is, when the Reynolds numbers Re 1 =ρ 1 U R/μ 1 or Re 2 =ρ 2 U R ...
Get Price2018-2-5 · For free jet, there is only a slight difference of the reactive species peak concentration along the jet length [13, 14]. As shown in figure 2, the fiber optic probe was placed at 3 cm from the nozzle, keeping vertical distance between the probe and the jet 1 cm. The optical diagnostics can roughly analysis that what is delivered to the cells.
Get Price2018-2-2 · RF jet was installed on a homemade 2D scanning stage driven by stepper motors.43 During treatment, the RF jet scans over sample surfaces with a line-by-line processing pattern at a constant speed of 1.2mm/s unless otherwise noted. The distance between scanning lines is 0.8mm which is about half of the quartz tube ID. The RF jet scans over the
Get Price2013-10-1 · Allen, J, Hargrave, G. Fundamental study of in-nozzle fluid flow and its effect on liquid jet break-up in gasoline direct injectors. In: Proceedings of ILASS Europe, 16th annual conference on liquid atomisation and spray systems, 11th-13th September 2000, Darmstadt. Germany, …
Get PriceNebulizers have been used clinically for many years. Despite the increasing use of metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, it is likely that nebulizers will continue to be used in selected ...
Get PricePDF | On May 1, 2008, Oskar Haidn and others published LOX/Methane Technology Efforts for Future Liquid Rocket Engines | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
Get Price2012-9-11 · The Coanda Effect is named after aerodynamicist Henri-Marie Coanda, who discovered that a free jet emerging from a nozzle or conduit will follow a nearby surface and attach to it. Fluid flowing through the meter body bends toward and attaches to a sidewall.
Get Price2017-9-20 · Also, a variety of empirical equations valid only for certain flow regimes such as the Hazen – Williams equation, which is significantly easier to use in calculations. However, the generality of Darcy – Weisbach equation has made it the preferred one. The only difference of (hf) between laminar and turbulent flows is the
Get Price2021-4-12 · The water jet nozzles were mounted at 40 holes per inch, each hole 0.1 mm in diameter. Web speed is 5 m/min. After hydroentanglement the web was dried on-line at 130 °C.
Get PriceFig.3: Jet grouting Systems for (a) Single fluid (b) Double fluid (c) Triple Fluid. Single Fluid Jet Grouting System In the case of a single fluid system, the W-C grout is injected into the ground through one or more nozzles. Here the soil remolding and subsequent cementation are done by the same fluid.
Get Price2021-2-10 · Effects of water-aluminum oxide nanofluid on double pipe heat exchanger with gear disc turbulators: A numerical investigation Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 124 Influences of Geometrical Parameters of Upstream Deflector on Performance of a H-Type Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine
Get Price2019-8-15 · The addition of GO significantly improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanofiber membranes, and increased the cumulative release of drugs. 73 Shalumon prepared electrospun fibers with a core–shell structure of …
Get PricePDF/EPUB. Preview Abstract. In this paper, we study the effect of the axial deformation of carbon nanotubes in the zigzag and armchair directions on the stability of the interface between hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated regions. We analyze the specific energy …
Get PriceInvestigating the use of curcumin-loaded electrospun filaments for soft tissue repair applications. Abstract: Electrospun filaments represent a new generation of medical textiles with promising applications in soft tissue repair. A potential strategy to improve their design is …
Get Price• [Jet Engines] The thrust equation, specific fuel consumption, nozzle exit conditions, reheat, turbojets, turbofans and low specific thrust engines. • [Industrial Gas Turbines] Simple cycle, cycles with reheat, intercooling and heat exchangers, combined cycle gas turbines. …
Get Priceair-jet app lication were close in terms of penetration at 22.3% and 20.4%, respectively, for side B. Figure 8 Vertical deposits ( d ) and its relation to leaf distribution
Get Price2016-8-30 · Retention of agricultural sprays on plant surfaces is an important challenge. Bouncing of sprayed pesticide droplets from leaves is a major source of …
Get PriceWater is funneled into a pressurized pipeline with a narrow nozzle at one end. The water sprays out of the nozzle in a jet, striking the double-cupped buckets attached to the wheel. The impact of the jet spray on the curved buckets creates a force that rotates the wheel at high efficiency …
Get Price2018-2-2 · RF jet was installed on a homemade 2D scanning stage driven by stepper motors.43 During treatment, the RF jet scans over sample surfaces with a line-by-line processing pattern at a constant speed of 1.2mm/s unless otherwise noted. The distance between scanning lines is 0.8mm which is about half of the quartz tube ID. The RF jet scans over the
Get Price2015-3-6 · or nozzle mounted on the pressurized system, a disc held against the nozzle to prevent flow under normal system operating conditions, a spring to hold the disc closed, and a body/bonnet to contain the operating elements. The spring load is adjustable to vary the pressure at which the valve will open. CHAPTWO.PM6 1 9/22/97, 7:46 AM
Get Price2016-7-13 · A variety of fuel oils, also known as middle distillates, is marketed for use in diesel engines. Their properties and performance depend upon the refining practices employed and the nature of the crude oils from which they are produced. Because of constituents in the oil, some crude oils are naturally suited for refinement into high-grade fuels
Get Price2020-9-4 · 1 Introduction. Metal-halide-perovskites (MHPs) are the most promising material system for next-generation photovoltaics, [1, 2] which exhibits the fastest annual increase of record power conversion efficiency observed so far. [3, 4] This rapid evolution of …
Get Price2013-7-15 · distributions (PI) and in mechanical properties (i.e., elongation-at-break, ultimate strength and Young s modulus) were determined as described above. In vivo degradation Thirty Wistar Albino female rats weighing 250 300 g were used. All rats were fed with laboratory chow and water ad libitium . They were maintained in a tempera-
Get PriceIn 1935 the Cyclone compressor had a peak adiabatic efficiency of 68% at a pressure ratio of 1.3. By 1940 the compressor was delivering a 2.7 pr with the same efficiency as the earlier version and, at lower pressures, exceeded 70%. In 1939 Pratt & Whitney initiated its own in-house supercharger development program.
Get PriceThe paper aims to promote the development of intelligent materials and the 4D printing technology by introducing recent advances and applications of additive layered manufacturing (ALM) technology of intelligent materials and the development of the 4D printing technology. Also, an arm-type ALM technology of shape memory polymer (SMP) with thermosetting polyurethane is briefly introduced.,This ...
Get Price2013-10-1 · Allen, J, Hargrave, G. Fundamental study of in-nozzle fluid flow and its effect on liquid jet break-up in gasoline direct injectors. In: Proceedings of ILASS Europe, 16th annual conference on liquid atomisation and spray systems, 11th-13th September 2000, Darmstadt. Germany, Ed. Tropea and Heukelbach. Google Scholar
Get Price2021-8-23 · It supplies a water stream at up to 140 PSI at 1 GPM using one of four available spray nozzles. The onboard battery and water/chemical tanks allow for use anywhere. Additional models include the CC-600 AC-powered unit, which delivers up to 600 PSI at 1.6 GPM for thicker coils, and the CC-100 backpack coil cleaner unit for extreme portability.
Get PriceFig.3: Jet grouting Systems for (a) Single fluid (b) Double fluid (c) Triple Fluid. Single Fluid Jet Grouting System In the case of a single fluid system, the W-C grout is injected into the ground through one or more nozzles. Here the soil remolding and subsequent cementation are …
Get Price2020-4-15 · One of the most challenging issues for the large-scale application of nanomaterials, especially nanocarbons, is the lack of industrial synthetic methods. Sonochemistry, which creates an extreme condition of high pressure and temperature, has been thereby applied for synthesizing a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), characterized by high ...
Get Price2016-7-13 · A variety of fuel oils, also known as middle distillates, is marketed for use in diesel engines. Their properties and performance depend upon the refining practices employed and the nature of the crude oils from which they are produced. Because of constituents in the oil, some crude oils are naturally suited for refinement into high-grade fuels
Get Price2016-5-31 · more): solid, liquid, gas, or plasma (although materials with intermediate properties exist, in particular, materials that exhibit both solid-like and fluid-like properties e.g. liquid crystals). A fluid is a liquid or a gas, which differ from solids in that Fluids Fluids deform continuously under the action of …
Get PriceThe positive effects of the vaccination campaign are being felt in many parts of the world, but the disappearance of this new infection is still far from being a reality, as it is also threatened by the presence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants that could undermine the effectiveness of the vaccine, hampering the immunization control efforts.
Get Price15 th International Research/Expert Conference ”Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology”. TMT 2011. Prague, Czech Republic, 12-18 September 2011. EDITORS: Dr. Sabahudin Ekinović, Dr. Joan Vivancos Calvet, Dr. Emin Tacer. Title. Authors. Full text. KEYNOTE PAPERS. New Neural Architectures and New Adaptive Evaluation ...
Get Price2013-10-1 · Allen, J, Hargrave, G. Fundamental study of in-nozzle fluid flow and its effect on liquid jet break-up in gasoline direct injectors. In: Proceedings of ILASS Europe, 16th annual conference on liquid atomisation and spray systems, 11th-13th September 2000, Darmstadt. Germany, …
Get Price2012-6-20 · FIGURE 1 - TWO TYPES OR RELIEF VALVES The standard design safety relief valve is spring loaded with an adjusting ring for obtaining the proper blowdown and is available with many optional accessories and design features. Refer to Figure 1 for cross-sectional views of typical valves. The bellows and balanced bellows design isolate the process fluid
Get PriceThe paper aims to promote the development of intelligent materials and the 4D printing technology by introducing recent advances and applications of additive layered manufacturing (ALM) technology of intelligent materials and the development of the 4D printing technology. …
Get PriceThe API diesel fuel with energy output of 990 kw-hrs. The engine consumed 12.15 kg of fuel per hour with a heating mechanical efficiency of the engine is 92%. Assume a drum of value of 45,130 kJ/kg and 137.4 kg of air at 15.5ºC per hour. fuel contains 200 liters. Find: …
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